Claudius Buchanan
Christian Researches in Asia (1811)
colonial chaplain / propagandistAnglican
We know we are approaching Juggernaut (and yet we are more than fifty miles from it) by the human bones we have seen for some days strewed by the way. At this place [Buddruck, in Orissa] we have been joined by several large bodies of pilgrims, perhaps 2000 in number, who have come from various parts of Northern India. Some of them, with whom I have conversed, say, that they have been two months on their march, travelling slowly in the hottest season of the year, with their wives and children. Some old persons are among them who wish to die at Juggernaut. Numbers of pilgrims die on the road; and their bodies generally remain unburied. On a plain by the river, near the Pilgrim's Caravansera at this place, there are more than a hundred skulls. The dogs, jackals, and vultures, seem to live here on human prey. The vultures exhibit a shocking tameness. The obscene animals will not leave the body sometimes till we come close to them. This Buddruck is a horrid place. Wherever I turn my eyes, I meet death in some shape or other. Surely Juggernaut cannot be worse than Buddruck.
✦ Commentary
Buchanan's journal entry is a masterpiece of Protestant gothic prose designed to horrify English readers. The landscape itself becomes evidence of Hindu barbarism: human bones, unburied corpses, vultures feeding on pilgrims, skulls littering the plains. Buchanan does not investigate the material causes of pilgrim mortality (disease, famine, colonial neglect of infrastructure); he presents death as an emanation of 'Juggernaut.' This passage became the single most influential piece of atrocity literature in the Protestant missionary archive.
Themes
Atrocity Literature