Colonial Discourse
& Indian Selfhood

Interrogating the texts that shaped how India came to know itself.

About the Archive

This archive brings together three bodies of colonial-era writing that, read side by side, reveal how India was described, classified, and ultimately reimagined. Missionary texts — from Ward to Duff — constructed Hinduism as superstition in need of Christian salvation. Bureaucratic records — census reports, official surveys — codified these judgments into the neutral language of governance. And reform voices — Phule, among others — internalized this very critique, reworking it into a new vocabulary of self-understanding from which modern Indian selfhood would emerge.

Explore the extracts thematically to trace how ideas about caste, religion, and civilization moved between these three worlds — and how they continue to shape Indian self-perception today.